Starting Assumptions
Once upon a time, economics was based on the assumption that human beings are rational. This is obviously false, so why was the assumption even made? Because without such an assumption, the field of economics couldn’t progress – how far can a theory that assumes people do irrational things ever progress? As that old saying goes, “All models are wrong, but some are useful”. As economic theory started to influence government policies, the scrutiny and criticism of economic theories increased. Inevitably, that core assumption of rationality began to draw a lot of flak. A new field called behavioral science developed – this basically said that humans often make irrational choices. The factors for that extend far beyond stupidity – they include all the unconscious biases that make us, er, human. Such as generalizing from just a couple of personal incidents to the universal; or only noticing facts that align with what we already believe. With this as the basis, a new form of eco